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Anthropometry

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Anthropometry --- Human growth

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Anthropology --- Ethnology --- Anthropometry

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Thanks to the database in Leslie G. Farkas’s book Anthropometry of the Head and Face we will proceed to several anthropometric analyses on patients who were operated at birth for a bilateral cleft. We will first compare the whole patients group with the general population to have an idea of the current results on the Clefts and Palate Center in the Saint-Luc University Hospital, notably by studying the evolution of post-surgery sequels with the growth, then by comparing two sub-groups of patients based on which surgical protocol they were operated with: Mulliken I or Mulliken II. Until 2001 patients were operated with a protocol we named Mulliken I which implied an incision on the tip of the nose. This incision was dropped from 2001 due to a necrosis of the philtrum on one patient, which led to a new protocol we named Mulliken II. We will determine whether or not the results are the same without this incision. Our results show statistically significant differences between the whole patients group and the general population which are globally the same as in every published study of other centers (wider nose, shorter columella, and as well, shorter total lip and its cutaneous portion). There is no significant differences in our study between any age groups which could allow us to conclude on an aggravation or improvement of the post-surgery sequels for any measurement with the growth. To obtain more conclusive results we should continue the follow-up of our patients to compare their measurements between their first consultations and the end of their growth. We however noted several significant differences between the Mulliken I and the Mulliken II, with results that tend to show that the measurements were closer to the normal with the Mulliken I protocol. The nose projection and columella were longer, the nose thinner and the total superior lip longer compared to the Mulliken II group. These results are to be balanced with the size of the samples, a notable bias of evaluation, as well the size of the difference compared to the risk of the incision. It would be interesting to merge our database with the one of other clefts centers to create a sample of patients probably much more representative of the reality in a multicentric study which would allow to proceed to deepest analysis and more statistically valid results. Grâce aux données de l’ouvrage Anthropometry of the Head and Face de Leslie G Farkas nous procédons à des analyses anthropométriques de patients opérés à la naissance pour une fente bilatérale. L’objectif est d’abord de dresser un état des lieux de la prise ne charge des fentes bilatérales dans le CLP des Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, en étudiant notamment l’évolution des séquelles post-opératoires avec la croissance, puis selon qu’ils ont été opérés durant les phases Mulliken I ou II. Dans la phase Mulliken I (jusque 2001) les patients étaient opérés avec entre autres une incision verticale de la pointe du nez qui devait aider à disséquer et replacer les cartilages alaires. Elle a été abandonnée après 2001 (phase Mulliken II) suite à la survenue d’une nécrose philtrale chez un enfant. On déterminera si l’abandon de cette incision permet d’obtenir des résultats comparables. Les résultats montrent des différences statistiquement significatives entre les patients opérés et la population saine, qui sont globalement concordantes avec les données de la littérature actuelle (nez plus large, columelle plus courte, lèvre supérieure totale et sa portion cutanée plus courtes également). On ne note pas de différence statistiquement significative entre les catégories d’âge qui pourraient refléter une tendance à l’aggravation ou à l’amélioration des séquelles post-opératoires pour chaque mesure. Pour parvenir à des résultats plus concluants il faudrait continuer à suivre à long terme notre cohorte de patients pour comparer leurs mesures entre le début de leur prose en charge et la fin de la croissance. On note en revanche des différences statistiquement significatives entre les phases Mulliken I et Mulliken II, avec des résultats qui tendent à montrer des valeurs plus proches de la normale dans le groupe Mulliken I. Ainsi la projection de la pointe du nez et la columelle seraient plus importantes. Le nez serait également moins large et la lèvre supérieure total plus grande dans ce groupe. Ces résultats sont à mettre en balance avec la taille des échantillons, un probable biais d’évaluation, ainsi qu’avec l’amplitude des différences observées par rapport au risque encouru. Il serait intéressant de fusionner la base de données de nos patients avec celle d’autres centres de prise en charge des fentes labio-palatines pour parvenir à former un échantillon probablement plus consistant et plus représentatif dans une étude multicentrique qui permette de procéder à des analyses plus poussées et statistiquement plus fiables.

Anthropometry --- Cleft Palate --- Cleft Lip

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This methodological report examines the quality of anthropometric data from 52 DHS surveys conducted between 2005 and 2014. The analysis includes height, weight, and age measurements of children under five years of age as well as three nutritional status indices--height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ)--that follow WHO guidelines. The data quality indicators used to investigate the measurements include: standard deviation of z-scores; heaping of measures of height, weight, and age; and the percentage of extreme cases flagged during data processing. In addition, linear regressions of the z-scores were conducted to examine the amount of heterogeneity in z-scores that can be explained by covariates, including cluster-level variation. The findings identified surveys that have outperformed others in terms of anthropometric data quality along with surveys that have been deficient in data quality. Based on the results, recommendations were made that will improve the quality of anthropometric data in future surveys.

Anthropometry --- Data Accuracy --- Infant --- Child, Preschool --- Children --- Children --- Body size --- Body weight --- Proportion (Anthropometry)